The rule of thirds involves mentally dividing up the image using 2 horizontal lines and 2 vertical lines. Then positioning the important elements in the scene along those lines, or at the points where they meet.
The idea is that an off-center composition is more pleasing to the eye and looks more natural than one where the subject is placed right in the middle of the frame. It also encourages you to make creative use of negative space - the empty area around the subject.
In landscape shots, it's common to position the horizon along the center of the frame, but this can give the photo a split feel. Placing it along one of the horizontal lines creates a natural balance.
Having a focal point is also key, placing the main object in accordance to the rule of thirds means the image is anchored creating a natural mental draw to the object.
When using a model it's a good idea to position people off to one side of the frame. This provides "breathing space" and shows the model's environment, and stops the photo from looking like a mugshot.
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